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Talking about the Problems and Development Trends of Remote Water Meters
[China Instrument Network Science and Technology Instrument] Water meter is the basis for measurement of water fee water companies, water meter measurement and use of water meter management and management capabilities to reduce the difference between the production and sales of water companies, accelerate the return of funds, have a far-reaching significance. The classification of water meters mainly includes mechanical water meters and smart water meters. Intelligent water meter also includes IC card water meter and remote water meter. Today we will talk about the remote water meter!
The main function of remote water meter summary
Battery-powered: No external power supply required.
Flow collection function: Pulse counting flow collection.
Pressure collection function: A low-power pressure transmitter is used to collect the pressure signal of tap water in the pipeline.
Remote parameter modification function: Some parameters of remote water meter can be set remotely through GPRS. Including the table base, data recording frequency, transmission cycle, alarm limit and other parameters that need to be frequently modified and set. This function facilitates the management of the on-site water meter by the water supply company, but the remote modification function is only developed for the manager who has the specific permission to modify.
LED display function: In order to facilitate the viewing and modification of field data, the remote water meter is equipped with an LED liquid crystal display.
Various alarm functions:
Table demolition alarm: the use of mercury switch, when the water meter tilt angle exceeds 30 ° or more, it will automatically generate a limit alarm, using every change is reported alarm mechanism, timely notification monitoring center.
Reverse alarm: use the angle variation law of multiple Hall elements to determine the direction of water flow. When the backflow data is collected, the system immediately records the backflow time and the actual backflow cumulative flow and uploads the alarm information.
Battery low battery alarm: The system has its own battery power monitoring function. When the battery power is lower than the threshold, it will automatically trigger an alarm.
Strong magnetic alarm: When the magnetic material is close to the water meter, the Hall element will not be able to generate a normal pulse width pulse signal, the system can immediately determine the strong magnetic condition, and report the alarm information.
Humidity alarm: Because part of the water meter's on-site use environment is relatively humid, in order to better protect the module, the water meter adds a temperature and humidity sensor in the design, and promptly reports to the police before the equipment is damaged.
A variety of antenna connections: built-in antenna, external antenna.
Signal refilling function: When the data transmission fails, the data packets stored in the remote water meter FLASH can be reissued to the monitoring center by way of signal supplement.
Problems that exist
Although there are many factors affecting far-reaching water meters, one of them seems to be more prominent and overlooked by everyone. It means that when an abnormal fault (such as a short circuit or a certain amount of leakage current) occurs when one or more wired remote water meters connected to the system are abnormal, it will affect the normal operation of the system (usually Meter reading equipment --- The meter below the collector or concentrator can't read the data, so that the meter and other water meters and equipment in the system are affected. The direct result of this phenomenon is: First of all, in the debugging process, one or more meters in the downstream of a collector or concentrator are short-circuited or the leakage power exceeds a certain value (such as a single photoelectric direct-reading water meter Leakage of electricity generally exceeds 25 m A ), then the data of the entire downstream meter of the collector or concentrator cannot read its data normally; the current method is to send a commissioning person to carry out investigation, then find the faulty meter and take it It is more troublesome to replace or repair it before it is normal, and it is more troublesome; moreover, this method will bring another problem that the water meter on the descending collector or concentrator may have been repeatedly investigated. For example, the fault described above will require multiple manual troubleshooting and troubleshooting of the water meters. Since most of the water meters in northern China are installed in the user's room, each inspection will not only consume a large amount of manpower, but also have to enter. The user's room, resulting in a great deal of human and material resources. In addition, when the system is commissioned and handed over to the operating unit, the above problems will also occur, because the professional unit of the operating unit is generally worse than the watch manufacturers and system integrators, once the above problems occur, the construction commissioning unit and equipment will be required. The manufacturer helps with maintenance to restore the system to normal work; if the above problems happen too often or the problems are serious, the small ones will affect the normal operation of the operating units, while the large ones will affect the confidence and patience of the operating units, and may eventually lead to operation. The system of the unit is not used or idled, and then the reliability and practicability of the remote water meter are negated, thus affecting the normal development and normal promotion of the remote water meter.
Causes and Analysis of Inaccurate Measurement of Remote Water Meters
There are two reasons for inaccurate meter reading: 1 interference with data transmission; 2 problems with the pulse water meter's own product.
The pulse of Hall's remote water meter is easily disturbed during the transmission process, resulting in reading errors. To eliminate this kind of meter reading error, such a meter reading system must be used to place the data acquisition device on the header, header collector and collector through a simple transmission control protocol, which can effectively avoid data transmission. Due to interference caused by the process of reading errors, and Ningbo Brand Hall remote water meter does not have a transmission control protocol, so it is inevitable that reading is not allowed.
Find the cause from the pulse itself below. The sensors that generate pulses on the pulse table can be divided into: Reed-reed type, Hall element type, and photoelectric conversion type. The basic principle of the Hall element type is as follows: Hall elements and magnets are added to the water meter counted in an ordinary turntable to form a sensor based on magnetoelectric conversion technology. The Hall element is fixedly installed near the technical turntable, and the permanent magnet is installed on the technical disk. When each turn of the turntable, the permanent magnet passes through the Hall element once to generate a metering pulse at the signal end. The accuracy of the number of pulses will determine the accuracy of the remote metering system. Judging from the actual completion of the current construction, the situation of Hall's remote water meter is not satisfactory or even very bad. There are two main reasons: the quality of the Hall element is not high, water hammer occurs in the water pipe, and a large number of pulses are generated. In the pipeline system, if the liquid flow transient flow occurs, the flow velocity, pressure, and other parameters of the flow change with time, and the magnitude of the change depends on the initial flow state of the pipe flow, the characteristics of the pipe system, the transient formation conditions and other factors. Due to sudden changes in flow rate caused by a series of sudden pressure fluctuation phenomenon of alternating rise and fall, the pipeline will have severe vibration and a loud sound, this phenomenon is called water hammer phenomenon. In daily life, we often meet the situation where water pipes vibrate and make noises, that is, water hammer phenomenon.
Discussion on Future Development Trends of Remote Water Meters
With the advent of the Internet of Things, the ever-changing network and communication technologies, and the ever-decreasing cost of data transmission, the advantages of remote water meters have become increasingly evident. The future remote water meter will not only play a role in tap water production and management units, it will also play a role in smart home applications. For example, the monitoring software of the remote water meter can be made into a software running package suitable for running on the mobile phone, which not only provides the use of the water management unit, but also provides free downloading, installation and use of ordinary residents. In this way, the majority of residents can use this software to easily monitor and manage their own water consumption as easily as viewing mobile phone traffic, automatically reminding users to save water and protect the environment.
Another example: You can install sensors in the household water, such as washing machine water, shower shower, toilet tank, etc., and transmit these data to the remote water meter through WLAN or Bluetooth. In this way, the user can track the actual water usage through the touch screen on the remote water meter or the monitoring software on the mobile phone to help the user improve their awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction.
(Original title: Talking about the problems and development trends of remote water meters)